What does this call for?

Such a massive and accelerated process of urbanization requires comprehensive development, sophisticated automation and integrated centralized control of physical, institutional, social as well as economic infrastructures. All these are of paramount importance in improving the quality of life as well as attracting people, entrepreneurs, industries, startups, and investors to the City, setting in motion a virtuous cycle cum path of growth as well as development. Development of Smart Cities is the main step that a nation can take in that direction.

The Objective of the Smart Cities Program is as follows:

• To promote cities that provide core infrastructure
• To give a decent life to the residents
• To give a clean and sustainable environment and
• The application of ‘Smart’ Solutions to the City Infrastructure Management.

The focus of a Smart City will be on sustainable as well as inclusive development programs. The core idea is to look at compact areas, create a repeatable as well as a replicable model. This model should then be used to convert other cities into smart cities too. The systems developed herein should be capable of replication both within as well as outside of the Smart City.

The core infrastructure elements in a smart city will consist of the following:

Adequate Water Supply through recycling of water by the deployment of Water Treatment plants.

1. Assured Electricity Supply through Renewable Energy sources such as Solar, Wind and Hydel Power Plants
2. Sanitation, including Solid Waste Management through the deployment of Sewage Treatment Plants
3. Efficient Urban Mobility and Public Transport in the form High-Speed Rails and Metro connectivity including last-mile para-transport connectivity
4. Well maintained intra-city and inter-city roads with centralized Traffic Monitoring and Control
5. Affordable housing for the economically underprivileged residents. Expand housing opportunities for all classes of citizens by subsidized Home Financing. Removal of slum areas. This will boost the local economy, promote community interactions and ensure citizen security.
6. Robust IT connectivity for the private and public.
7. Digital transformation of all Government, Civic, Public interfaces. Good governance in terms of e-Governance and e-citizen participation. Making governance citizen-friendly as well as cost-effective for the citizens. Rely on online services to bring about accountability as well as transparency. Usage of using mobiles to reduce the cost of services and providing remote services without the need to go to municipal offices; form e-groups to listen to people and record feedback. Use online monitoring of programs as well as activities through cyber (video) tour of worksites.
8. Sustainable environment in terms of reduced pollution, protection of animals, birds and other organisms of the ecosystem. Preserving and developing open spaces such as parks, playgrounds, as well as recreational spaces. This will enhance the quality of life of citizens, reduce the urban heat effects promote eco-balance.
9. Go green initiatives for the Industries in terms of Effluent Treatment Plants and Commercial RO Plants.

10.Special Economic Zones for Commercial Establishments and Industries. Promoting mixed land use planning for ‘unplanned areas’ consisting of a range of complimentary activities and land uses in proximity to one another so as to make land use more efficient. The Government to enable some flexibility in land-use and building-bye-laws

11. Special Parks/Clusters to be created for giving an identity to the city. This can be based on the main economic activity: local cuisine, arts, and handicrafts, sporting goods, fashion garments, health centers, textile units, education, culture, etc.
12. Special Road Corridors for high-speed transportation of Commercial and Industrial goods. The road network to be created for pedestrians and cyclists apart from vehicles and public transport. The necessary administrative services to be offered within walking/cycling distance
13. Safety and security of different classes of residents through elaborate lighting, surveillance cameras

14. Advanced Healthcare system for catering to the betterment of the health of the citizens

15. World-class Education system with interactive remote as well as onsite classrooms.

16. Disaster Management Systems to mitigate and minimize the damage, losses, etc incurred due to disasters such as natural calamities, etc.

17. Centralized Tracking, Monitoring, and Control of all the above systems.

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Rainfall is also highly variable and occurs in specific months in different parts of the world. We need to declare water conservation as an international mission. It is very crucial and important for all countries to collectively address the problem of alarmingly progressive water shortage. This is possible only, by conserving every drop of water and by conducting water audits for all sectors of water usage.

The first step to decreasing water consumption in any industry is the identification of current water usage. The current water usage can be identified by undertaking a water audit. 

Water audit can be defined as a qualitative cum quantitative analysis of water consumption which will help in the identification of reducing, reusing, and recycling water.

Water audit helps to determine the following:

1. the amount of water lost from a distribution system due to leakage

2. the amount of water lost due to theft,

3. the amount of water lost due to unauthorized or illegal withdrawals from the systems

4. the cost of such water losses to the utility.

Elements of water audit include the following

1. a record of the quantity of water supplied cum stored by different sources,

2. water consumption by users,

3. water delivered to unmetered users,

4. water loss in the system

5. suggested measures to address water loss

6. wastewater generated

7. wastewater treated and recycled

Industrial water use audit examines the following major areas:

1. water used by the industrial process,

2. water used for human consumption,

3. water used for personal hygiene & sanitation,

4. water used for washing,

5. water used for cleaning,

6. water used for gardening etc.

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We are now living in one of the most exciting times that the world has ever seen. The advent of the fourth Industrial Revolution has taken the world by storm. The revolution has spread its tentacles to almost every function and every industry domain. The pace and scope of path-breaking scientific and technological advancements from Large Enterprises, Startups, Research Institutions, and Educational Institutions are mind-boggling.

Technology is rapidly changing the way humans are behaving, working, and engaging in the planet today. The technologies that are driving the Industry Revolution will fundamentally transform the world’s economic, social, and community aspects. We are at the beginning of a revolution that is fundamentally changing every aspect of the world through its speed, scope, scale, and complexity. We are witnessing a fusion of technologies across the physical, digital, and biological worlds.

Governments, businesses, academia, and civil societies have to work together in a systematic and well-coordinated way to ensure the best results. With the length and breadth of revolution, there will be profound shifts across all industries.

Digital technologies that have computer hardware, software, and networking as their core is becoming more sophisticated as well as integrated. These digital technologies will manifest through the force of full-fledged automation of almost every process.

Industry 4.0 will revolutionize the organization of global value chains. By enabling smart factories, smart cities, and smart homes the fourth industrial revolution creates a world in which virtual and physical systems of manufacturing globally cooperate with each other in a flexible way. This enables the complete customization of products to the required needs as well as the creation of new operating business and manufacturing models.

The fourth industrial revolution will go beyond smart and connected machines and systems. The breakthroughs in genetics, nanotechnology, renewable systems, quantum computing are spellbinding. What differentiates the industrial revolution 4.0 fundamentally from the earlier revolutions is the fusion of these advancing technologies and the cross-domain interaction across physical, biological, and digital worlds. This revolution has also witnessed the dispersion of emerging technologies and broad-based innovation at a much faster pace and a much broader scale when compared to the earlier revolutions.

The extent to which the society embraces technological innovation will be a major determinant of progress arising out of Industrial revolution 4.0. The government and public institutions, as well as the private sector, need to play an important role. But far important is for the citizens to see the long-term benefits of the industrial revolution.

The fourth industrial revolution will be farther powerful, impactful, resourceful, beneficial, disruptive, and historically important when compared to the previous three revolutions.

For the potential of the fourth industrial revolution to be effective and cohesively realized, we need to understand the limiting factors.

Firstly, the requisite levels of leadership as well as an understanding of the changes underway, across all sectors, are low when compared with the need to rethink and redesign political, social, economic systems to respond to the fourth industrial revolution. Consequently, both at the national as well as global levels, the requisite institutional framework to govern and administer the diffusion of innovation and mitigate the disruption is either inadequate at best or at worst absent altogether.

Secondly, the world lacks a positive and common narrative that focuses on the opportunities and challenges of the fourth industrial revolution,  if we need empowerment and diversity, we need to avoid  backlash against the fundamental changes

Major technological innovations are on the verge of precipitating momentous change throughout the different corners of the world.

The scale and scope of change is the reason for the acute disruptions and innovations of today. The speed of innovation in terms of both its development as well as diffusion is faster than ever before. Today’s disruptive technologies, solutions, systems, and companies were relatively unknown just a few years ago. But it is not only speed; returns to scale are equally staggering. Digitization means automation, which in turn means that companies do not incur diminishing returns to scale (or less of them).

A unit of wealth is created today with much fewer workers compared with that a decade ago. This is possible because digital businesses consist of marginal costs that tend towards zero. With the advent of the digital age, many new businesses provide “information goods” with storage, transportation, replication, and multiplication costs that are virtually nil. Some disruptive technology companies require lesser capital to prosper. These did not require much funding to start up, changing the role of capital, and scaling the business in the context of the fourth industrial revolution.

Companies are able to scale themselves faster with lesser capital, manpower, and through the use of advanced automated systems.

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